Malic acid, also known as 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule. In nature, it exists in three forms, namely D-malic acid, L-malic acid and its mixture DL-malic acid. It is white crystal or crystalline powder with strong hygroscopicity, easily soluble in water and ethanol, and has a special pleasant sour taste.
The most common is the L-isomer, L-malic acid, present in the juice of immature hawthorn, apple and grape fruits. It can also be produced from fumaric acid through biological fermentation. It is an important intermediate product of the internal circulation of the human body and is easily absorbed by the human body. Therefore, as a food additive and functional food with excellent performance, it is widely used in food, cosmetics, medical and health care products and other fields. The racemate can be prepared from fumaric acid or maleic acid under the action of a catalyst under high temperature and pressure conditions and water vapor. This article mainly describes the application and function of L malic acid from the following aspects:
1. Food Industry
L-malic acid is an important component of natural fruit juice. Compared with citric acid, it has higher acidity (20% stronger acidity than citric acid), but soft taste (higher buffer index). It has a special fragrance, does not damage the mouth and teeth, is beneficial to the absorption of amino acids in metabolism, and does not accumulate fat. It is a new generation of food sour agent. It is praised as "the most ideal food sour agent" by the biological and nutritional circles.
L-malic acid is an organic acid necessary for the human body, and it is also an ideal low-calorie food additive. When 50% L-malic acid is combined with 20% citric acid, it can present a strong natural fruit flavor. L-malic acid is a cycle intermediate of tricarboxylic acid in organisms, with a taste close to natural fruit juice and natural flavor. 3.Produces less calories and has a better taste than citric acid. Therefore, it is widely used in wine, beverages, jams, chewing gum and other foods, and has the tendency to gradually replace citric acid. It is one of the organic acids with the largest consumption and good development prospects in the world's food industry.
2. Pharmaceutical industry
Adding malic acid in various tablets and syrups can present a fruity flavor and facilitate absorption and diffusion in the body. It is often formulated into compound amino acid injections to improve the utilization of amino acids. Its sodium salt is an effective drug for treating liver insufficiency, especially hypertension. Potassium L-malate is a good potassium supplement, which can maintain the body's water balance and treat edema, high blood pressure and fat accumulation.
L-malic acid can be used to treat various diseases such as liver disease, anemia, low immunity, uremia, high blood pressure, and liver failure. And can reduce the toxicity of anticancer drugs to normal cells.
3. Daily chemical industry
The natural emollients found in L-Malic Acid can easily dissolve the "glue" that sticks between dry, scaly, dead cells. Thereby, wrinkles on the skin surface can be removed, and the skin becomes tender, smooth and elastic, so it is favored in cosmetic formulations. L-malic acid can also be used to prepare a variety of flavors and fragrances, which are used in a variety of daily chemical products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, etc. Compared with citric acid, L-malic acid has a mild and unique sour taste, so it is used abroad to replace citric acid as a new type of detergent additive and to synthesize high-grade special detergents.
4. Chemical Industry
In addition, L-malic acid can also be used as an industrial cleaning agent, a resin curing agent, and a plasticizer for synthetic materials. It can be used as one of the synthetic raw materials for descaling agent and fluorescent whitening agent. Added to varnishes to prevent skinning. Polyester resins and alkyd resins produced with this acid are plastics for special purposes.
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